References
1. Klevens RM, Edwards
JR, Richards CL, Jr., Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Pollock DA et al. Estimating
health care-associated infections and deaths in U.S. hospitals, 2002.
Public Health Rep 2007;122(2):160-166.
2. Rello J, Ollendorf D,
Oster G, Vera-Llonch M, Bellm L, Redman R et al. Epidemiology and
Outcomes of Ventilator-Associate Pneumonia in a Large US Database. Chest
2002;122(6):2115-2121.
3. Tablan OC, Anderson LJ,
Besser R, Bridges C, Hajjeh R. Guidelines for preventing
health-care—associated pneumonia, 2003: recommendations of CDC and the
Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. MMWR Recomm
Rep 2004;53(RR-3):1-36.
4. Pennsylvania
Healthcare Cost Containment Council. Hospital Infections in Pennsylvania
- 2005. Pennsylvania Healthcare Cost Containment Council 2006;Issue No.
9
5. Centers for Medicare
and Medicaid Services. Hospital-Acquired Conditions (HAC) in Acute
Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) Hospitals. Centers for
Medicare and Medicaid Services 2008
6. Pear R. Medicare Says
It Won’t Cover Hospital Errors. New York Times 2007; nytimes.com
7. Pyrek K.M. Zero
Tolerance for Infections: A Winning Strategy. Infection Control Today
2008;12(2):
8. Schraag J. Bundling is
Better, Experts Say. Infection Control Today 2008;12(2):
9. American Thoracic
Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the
management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and
healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med
2005;171(4):388-416.
10. APIC. Preventing
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. Infection Control Week 2004 Brochure
2007;
11. Scott J, Vollman K.
Wiegand D and Carlson K. Procedure 4. Endotracheal Tube and Oral Care.
AACN Procedure Manual for Critical Care. 2005;5th28-33.
12. Institute for
Healthcare Improvement. Protecting 5 Million Lives From Harm Campaign.
Getting Started Kit: Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia How-to
Guide. Online 2007;
13. Burns SM. Lynn-McHale
Wiegand DJ and Carlson KK. Procedure 32: Ventilatory Management - Volume
and Pressure Modes. AACN Procedure Manual for Critical Care. 2005;
5th(32):211-225.
14. Dullenkopf A, Gerber
AC, Weiss M. Fit and seal characteristics of a new paediatric tracheal
tube with high volume-low pressure polyurethane cuff. Acta Anaesthesiol
Scand 2005;49(2):232-237.
15. Weiss M, Dullenkopf
A. Cuffed tracheal tubes in children: past, present and future. Expert
Rev Med Devices 2007;4(1):73-82.
16. Zanella A, Cressoni
M, Epp M, Stylianou M, Kolobow T. A double-layer tracheal tube cuff
designed to prevent leakage: a bench-top study. Intensive Care Med 2008;
17. Depew CL, McCarthy
MS. Subglottic secretion drainage: a literature review. AACN Adv Crit
Care 2007;18(4):366-379.
18. Dodek P, Keenan S,
Cook D, Heyland D, Jacka M, Hand L et al. Evidence-based clinical
practice guideline for the prevention of ventilator-associated
pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 2004;141(4):305-313.
19. Hess DR, Kallstrom TJ,
Mottram CD, Myers TR, Sorenson HM, Vines DL. Care of the ventilator
circuit and its relation to ventilator-associated pneumonia. Respir Care
2003;48(9):869-879.
20. Collard H, Saint S.
Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Agency for Healthcare
Research Quality Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No.43, Making
Healthcare Safer: A Critical Analysis of Patient Safety Practices. AHRQ
Publication No. 01-E058, full report, 01-E057, summary.
2001;(17):185-203.
21. Hagler DA, Traver GA.
Endotracheal saline and suction catheters: sources of lower airway
contamination. Am J Crit Care 1994;3(6):444-447.
22. Akgul S, Akyolcu N.
Effects of normal saline on endotracheal suctioning. J Clin Nurs
2002;11(6):826-830.
23. O’keefe-McCarthy S.
Evidence-based nursing strategies to prevent ventilator-acquired
pneumonia. Dynamics 2006;17(1):8-11.
24. Binkley C, Furr LA,
Carrico R, McCurren C. Survey of oral care practices in US intensive
care units. Am J Infect Control 2004;32(3):161-169.
25. ThinkExist.com
Quotations. "Derek Bok quotes". ThinkExist.com Quotations Online 2008; 4